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UX Principles

Affordance

Visual cues that indicate how an element can be used. Buttons should look clickable (raised, colored, labeled). Links should look tappable (underlined, colored). Flat design often destroys affordance — add it back with shadows, borders, or underlines.

In plain terms

Visual hints that show how to use something — a button should look pressable, a link should look clickable.

Why this matters

If controls don't look usable, people don't use them. Stripping away visual cues — flat, ambiguous design — leaves everyone guessing, and hits users with cognitive or low-vision needs hardest.